p-Nitrophenol Safety Data Sheet

3.1 Substances

3.2 Mixtures

4.1 Description of Necessary First-Aid Measures

4.2 Most Important Symptoms/Effects, Acute and Delayed

The most important known symptoms and effects include: Toxic if swallowed; Harmful in contact with skin; Harmful if inhaled; May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

4.3 Indication of Immediate Medical Attention and Special Treatment Needed

Treat symptomatically and supportively. Monitor vital signs and respiratory functions. No specific antidote known.

6.1 Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment and Emergency Procedures

For Non-Emergency Personnel: Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate unnecessary personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing vapors, mist, or dust. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (see Section 8).

For Emergency Responders: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment including respiratory protection, chemical safety goggles, and protective clothing.

6.2 Environmental Precautions

Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Prevent spilled material from entering drains, sewers, waterways, and soil. Inform environmental authorities if spillage causes environmental contamination.

6.3 Methods and Materials for Containment and Cleaning Up

Small Spill Clean-up: Collect spilled material using clean, non-sparking tools into clean, dry containers and remove from spill area.

Large Spill Clean-up: Cover with plastic sheet or canvas to reduce dispersion, keep dry, and prevent rain exposure. Under expert guidance, collect into clean, dry containers and remove from spill area.

Prevention of Secondary Hazards: Prevent dust and aerosol formation in air;

7.1 Precautions for Safe Handling

Use only in well-ventilated areas. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Avoid breathing vapors, mist, or dust. Keep container tightly closed. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling.

Hygiene Measures: Prohibit eating, drinking, and smoking in work and storage areas. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before breaks. Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.

7.2 Conditions for Safe Storage, including Any Incompatibilities

Store in original tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, moisture, and incompatible materials. Keep container tightly closed.

Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Packaging Recommendations: Keep only in original manufacturer-approved container. Ensure container material is compatible with the substance and certified for dangerous goods transport (UN-approved packaging). Keep container tightly closed.

8.1 Control Parameters (Occupational Exposure Limit Values)

Biological Limit Values: No biological exposure determinants (ACGIH BEIs) established.

8.2 Appropriate Engineering Controls

Provide adequate local exhaust ventilation and general ventilation to maintain airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits. Emergency eyewash fountains and safety showers must be readily accessible in the immediate work area.

8.3 Individual Protection Measures (Personal Protective Equipment - PPE)

9.1 Basic Physical and Chemical Properties

9.2 Other Information

10.1 Reactivity: No dangerous reaction known under recommended conditions of storage and handling.

10.2 Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions.

10.3 Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Hazardous polymerization will not occur. Exothermic or hazardous reactions possible with incompatible materials.

10.4 Conditions to Avoid: Excess heat, direct sunlight, and incompatible materials.

10.5 Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

10.6 Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon oxides (CO, CO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx).

11.1 Information on Hazard Classes / Toxicological Effects

11.2 Information on Other Hazards

Endocrine Disrupting Properties: No specific data available regarding endocrine disrupting properties for human health.

11.3 Symptoms Related to Characteristics

The most important known symptoms and effects include: Toxic if swallowed; Harmful in contact with skin; Harmful if inhaled; May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

11.4 Delayed and Immediate Effects from Short and Long-Term Exposure

Immediate and delayed effects after short and long-term exposure are consistent with GHS hazard classifications (see Section 2).

11.5 Interactive Effects

No interactive effects data available.

12.1 Toxicity (Aquatic and Terrestrial): Toxicity threshold (pollutant concn causing the onset of cell multiplication inhibition) Scenedesmus quardricauda (alga) 7,400 ug/L/8 days

12.2 Persistence and Degradability: PURE CULTURE: Pseudomonas strains capable of mineralizing 2,4-dichlorophenol and p-nitrophenol (PNP) in culture media were isolated from soil. A Pseudomonas able to mineralize 5.0 ug p-nitrophenol/mL in culture did not mineralize the compound in sterile or nonsterile lake water. The bacterium destroyed p-nitrophenol in sterile sewage and enhanced p-nitrophenol mineralization in nonsterile sewage. When added to the surface of sterile soil, the bacterium mineralized little of the p-nitrophenol present at 5.0 ug/g, but it was active if mixed well with the sterile soil.

12.3 Bioaccumulative Potential: BCF values of 2.5 to 7.8 were measured for carp (Carprinus carpio) exposed to 0.02 ppm and 0.2 ppm 4-nitrophenol over a 6-8 week incubation period(1). The BCF value of 4-nitrophenol was reported as 79 in fathead minnows(2) and 58 in golden orfe(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate.

12.4 Mobility in Soil: The sorption of benzoic acid, nitrobenzene, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and naphthalene was determined for 10 Danish soils in laboratory studies(1); measured equilibrium isotherms were of nonlinear Freundlich type for nearly all combinations of soil test compounds(1); adsorption was significantly correlated with the organic carbon content of the soils tested(1); Koc values in the 10 soils ranged from 56 to 530 with an average Koc 210(1); no significant correlations with pH and cation exchange capacity were observed(1). The Koc of 4-nitrophenol was reported as 55 in Brookston clay loam(2) and a log Koc of 1.7 was reported in a second study(3). The increasing content of copper in two Chinese soils was shown to limit 4-nitrophenol adsorption(4). In sorption studies using peat, 4-nitrophenol had measured Koc values of 96 (when 4-nitrophenol was in the neutral state) and 16 (when 4-nitrophenol existed as anionic species)(5). Using a reference soil from Germany, 4-nitrophenol had Koc value of 148 in a soil column leaching test(6). A Koc of 26 was measured in one sediment sample from China(7). A median literature Koc value of 234 (log Koc = 2.37) has been reported for 4-nitrophenol which can be used to develop QSAR estimations(8). According to a classification scheme(9), a median Koc value of 234 suggests that 4-nitrophenol is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. However, the experimental Koc range extends from 16 to over 500 suggesting a range of very high mobility to low mobility(SRC). The pKa of 4-nitropehnol is 7.15(10), indicating that this compound will exist partially in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(11).

12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB Assessment: No specific PBT or vPvB assessment data available.

12.6 Endocrine Disrupting Properties: No specific data available regarding endocrine disrupting properties in the environment.

12.7 Other Adverse Effects: No other adverse environmental effects (such as ozone depletion potential or global warming potential) are known from available data.

13.1 Disposal Methods

Waste Treatment and Residues: Avoid or minimize waste generation. Incinerate in an approved, licensed chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Dispose of surplus and non-recyclable solutions via a licensed waste disposal contractor in compliance with national and regional environmental laws. Do NOT dispose of waste into sewers or waterways.

Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers retain product residue. Do NOT cut, puncture, or weld empty containers. Dispose of as hazardous waste or return to supplier in accordance with environmental regulations.

Disposal Precautions: Wear appropriate PPE (see Section 8). Controlled high-temperature incineration is recommended.

15.1 Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations Specific for the Product in Question

15.2 Chemical Safety Assessment

No site-specific or registration-dossier Chemical Safety Assessment (CSA) / Chemical Safety Report (CSR) has been carried out for this substance by the SDS compiler. The hazard and safety classifications presented in this SDS are derived from publicly available regulatory assessment records (Authoritative Data Source(s): ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs); European Chemicals Agency (ECHA); Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS), Safe Work Australia; NITE-CMC; Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council). In accordance with UN GHS Rev. 11 (ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.11, Annex 4, Section A4.3.15), users should verify and comply with applicable national or regional chemical safety assessment obligations prior to use.